WAPFSA AND ASSOCIATED ORGANISATIONS URGE SOUTH AFRICA TO DESIST FROM THE WILD COAST SEISMIC ACTIVITIES

REFERENCES TO SUPPORT THE CONTENT OF THE COMMUNICATION:

Carroll et al 2017 A critical review of the potential impacts of marine seismic surveys on fish and invertebrates. Marine Pollution Bulleting 114: 9-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.038

Aguilar de Soto et al 2013. Anthropogenic noise causes body malformations and delays development in marine larvae. Scientific Reporte 3:2831 Doi: 10.1038/srep02831

Popper et al 2003/4. Anthropogenic Sound: effects on behavior and physiology of fishes. 

Kavanagh et al 2019. Seismic Surveys reduce cetacean sightings across a largre marine ecosystem. Scientific Reports 9:19164 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55500-4

Mc Cauley et Al, 2017. Widely used marine seismic survey air gun operations negatively impact zooplankton, Nature Ecology & Evolution –  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0195#auth-Robert_D_-McCauley

Gordon et al 2003/4. A Review of the effects of seismic surveys in marine mammals. Marine Technology Society Journal 37 (4): 16-34, Marine Technology Society Journal 37(4):35-40

Wir 2008. Overt responses of Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), Sper whales (Physeter macrocephalus), and Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) to seismic exploration off Angola. Aquatic Mammals 34(1):71-83. DOI 10.1578/AM.34.1.2008.71

Richardson et al 1986. Reaction of Bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, to seismic exploraion in the Candadian Beaufort sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.79(4):1117-1128

Robertson et al. 2016. Behavioral responses affect distribution analyses of bowhead whales in the vicinity of seismic operations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 549:243-262.

McCauley et al 2000. Marie seismic surveys- A study of environmental implications. APPEA Journal S11/5:38-53.

Ellison et al 2011. A  new context-based approach to assess marine mammal behaviour responses to anthropogenic sounds. Conservation Biology 26(1):21-28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01803.x

Francine Kershaw, 2017 – New Science: Seismic Blasting Devastates Ocean’s Zooplankton, Natural Resource Defence Council. New Science: Seismic Blasting Devastates Ocean’s Zooplankton | NRDC

President Cyril Ramaphosa: Virtual UNGA75 Summit on Biodiversity | South African Government (www.gov.za)

Peter Ho et al, 202. Limits of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Case study in Malaysia. Sustainability Free Full-Text Limits of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Malaysia: Dam Politics, Rent-Seeking and Conflict (dpi.com)

[1]https://www.bing.com/search?q=was+declared+a+Hope+Spot+by+Dr+Sylvia+Earle+in+2014%2C+declared+the+Bottlenose+Dolphin+Capital+of+the+World+in+2016&aqs=edge..69i57&FORM=ANCMS9&PC=ACTS

Algoa Bay: Bottlenose Dolphin Capital of the World! – World Cetacean Alliance

Addo Elephant National Park — Marine Protected Areas South Africa

https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/spheniscus_demersus__2_.pdf

Algoa Bay Islands – Addo Elephant National Park – BirdLife South Africa

Algoa Bay Hope Spot | Sustainable Seas Trust (sst.org.za)

AlgoaADZ_Pre-appBAR_AppD_MarEcol.pdf (anchorenvironmental.co.za)

AlgoaADZ_Pre-appBAR_AppD_MarEcol.pdf (anchorenvironmental.co.za)

https://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/No_01_Biosecurity_Mar10_en.pdf

Gregory D. Koblentz, Biosecurity Reconsidered, Calibrating Biological Threats and Responses, 2010. Biosecurity (Reconsidered)

David P. Fidler and Lawrence O. Gostin, Biosecurity in the Global Age: Biological Weapons, Public Health, and the Rule of Law (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008), p. 6 Biosecurity in the Global Age: Biological Weapons, Public Health, and the Rule of Law | David P. Fidler and Lawrence O. Gostin (sup.org)